You understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases. You can introduce yourself and ask and answer simple questions about where you live, people you know and things you have.
- Reading
- Names, signs, labels and very short notices.
- Listening
- Slow, clear speech about yourself and your immediate surroundings.
- Writing
- Your name and address on a form, or a short postcard greeting.
You understand sentences about things that matter day to day: family, shopping, getting around, work. You can handle simple, routine exchanges of information.
- Reading
- Menus, timetables, adverts and short personal messages.
- Listening
- Announcements and short exchanges on familiar topics.
- Writing
- Short notes and simple messages about immediate needs.
You follow the main points of clear, standard language on familiar matters. You can deal with most situations while travelling and describe experiences, events and plans, giving brief reasons.
- Reading
- Everyday texts and letters describing events, feelings and wishes.
- Listening
- The main points of clear talk about work, school or leisure.
- Writing
- Simple connected text on topics you know or care about.
You understand the main ideas of complex text on concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussion in your field. You interact with enough fluency that conversation with native speakers is comfortable for both sides.
- Reading
- Articles and reports where the writer takes a position.
- Listening
- Extended talk and fairly complex lines of argument.
- Writing
- Clear, detailed text that argues for or against a point of view.
C1Effective operational proficiency
You understand demanding, longer texts and pick up implicit meaning. You express yourself fluently without searching for words, and use the language flexibly for social, academic and professional purposes.
- Reading
- Long, complex texts, including specialised writing outside your field.
- Listening
- Extended speech even when its structure is not spelled out.
- Writing
- Well-structured text on complex subjects, in a style suited to the reader.
You understand with ease virtually everything you hear or read. You can summarise information from different sources and express yourself precisely, telling apart finer shades of meaning.
- Reading
- Virtually any form of written language, including abstract or literary text.
- Listening
- Any kind of spoken language at natural speed, given a little time to get used to an unfamiliar accent.
- Writing
- Complex reports, reviews and summaries, written smoothly and precisely.